The SFC Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology

This is how the
EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cell works

Air

Hydrogen

Waste heat + Water vapour

Power

Zero Emission Technology

EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cells are based on PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) technology. They generate power from the fuel hydrogen complemented by oxygen from the air. Hydrogen is directly converted into power. In addition to power, only water vapor is produced. This is exceptionally environmentally friendly.

The hydrogen fuel cell -
a green energy source

It is time to rethink energy. We need to mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce harmful emissions to conserve natural resources. It is time to find new approaches for more power, more flexibility and more sustainability. It is time for a century-old technology: the hydrogen fuel cell. It is the energy source of the future. The British physicist Sir William Robert Grove invented the principle of the hydrogen fuel cell back in 1839. Three years later, he built the first functioning example. However, it did not prevail against developments such as the electrodynamo or the combustion engine. Today we know that their invention is a success story. And SFC Energy is continuing this success story day by day. With the EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cell.

The PEM fuel cell
on the fast track

It may have taken a while for the EFOY Hydrogen 2.5 Fuel Cell to be launched today, but hydrogen technology continues to gain in importance. Two types of fuel cell have become established and provide numerous user industries with reliable and environmentally friendly energy. The most commonly used systems include the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; PEMFC) and the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The PEM version is the most popular among users worldwide. It has the highest sales figures. No wonder, because its popularity is based on its versatility.

The PEM fuel cell is ideally suited for both mobile and stationary applications. In addition to a high power density, it has a comparatively low operating temperature of 80 °C.² This makes it particularly interesting for mobile applications. In contrast, SOFC solutions are mainly found in stationary applications.³ EFOY Hydrogen 2.5 Fuel Cells are based on PEM technology. They are already making an important contribution to environmentally friendly energy generation.

Fuel cell technology -
the carbon-neutral pioneer

The fuel cell is roughly the same age as the battery (around 1800). It is only slightly older. This may also be the reason for the great similarity between the two energy suppliers. The structure of the hydrogen fuel cell is equally similar. In comparison to the battery, the fuel cell also has two electrodes: an anode (positive pole) and a cathode (negative pole). In order to produce electricity, a fuel and an oxidizing agent are required. These tasks are performed by hydrogen and oxygen. They react in the hydrogen fuel cell. This produces electricity and, as by-products, heat and water vapor. This is one of the many advantages of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen technology. The water vapor is far more environmentally friendly than the CO2 emitted by energy sources that work with fossil fuels. At the same time, the hydrogen fuel cell is much more quiet in operation and produces less waste heat. This makes it an ideal solution. It therefore has the potential to fundamentally improve the energy supply.

More about the future of hydrogen applications

Hydrogen storage for industry and at home

But hydrogen in combination with the hydrogen fuel cell is not only the source of clean and reliable energy, it is also the means of the future. It also helps to solve one of the major challenges of energy supply: electricity storage. By 2050, the share of renewable energies in the electricity mix should be at least 80 percent. And so far, Germany is well on the way to achieving this target. A major challenge now is to get the electricity to where it is needed. To the factories and homes. Reliably and independently of the sun and wind. Storage solutions are needed that can store large amounts of energy, but at the same time must be flexible and decentralized.

The advantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to conventional batteries lies precisely here. It is the high energy density and the large storage volume. With lithium polymer batteries, the energy density is 140 to around 180 watt hours per kilogram of mass (Wh/kg). With hydrogen, it is around 33,000 watt hours per kilogram of mass and therefore many times higher.

This is what makes the volatile gas so interesting for storing large amounts of electricity. In the hydrogen fuel cell, the energy converter and energy carrier hydrogen are clearly separated from each other. This means that hydrogen can be supplied or discharged again and again. Put simply, there are no limits to the amount of energy that can be stored. Specifically, the hydrogen in the fuel cell can act as an energy store for electricity from wind and solar farms.

The hydrogen fuel cell takes over when the sun stops shining or the wind stops blowing and thus becomes a hydrogen power storage. Here too, the fuel cell is a convincing solution. It has to fulfill less, but no less important requirements in residential buildings. The combination of photovoltaics, electrolyser, hydrogen storage and fuel cell makes homeowners partially self-sufficient with renewable energy. This is because the electrolyser uses surplus solar energy to produce and store hydrogen. No wonder that more and more private users are buying a hydrogen fuel cell.

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This is H2: The mobility of tomorrow

Its numerous advantages make the hydrogen fuel cell the perfect solution for just as many application sectors. For example, as the answer to the question of the mobility concepts of the future. The trend here has also been moving away from the combustion engine towards sustainable electric drives for some time now. And the same principle of energy generation applies here too. Whereas an internal combustion engine converts heat into motion through thermodynamics, the hydrogen fuel cell converts the fuel hydrogen directly into electrical energy. It operates the electric motor. A straightforward equation applies here: if the vehicle uses a hydrogen fuel cell, it is always an electric vehicle. And more efficiently. Compared to conventional combustion engines, the efficiency is twice as high and the energy losses are much lower.11 Anyone who opts for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is also emission-free on the road. Anyone who chooses a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle will also be emission-free on the road. The controlled reaction of hydrogen and oxygen produces electricity and only heat and water. Toyota and Hyundai each brought a fuel cell car onto the market in 2015.12

Mobility is a basic need of every modern society. Public transport is of central importance. Without it, mobility cannot be secured. In times of growing environmental awareness, more and more people are literally switching to buses and trains. The use of public transport already saves more than 15 million tons of CO2 nationwide. This corresponds roughly to the emissions of a coal-fired power plant.13 What is a positive trend is made even more pleasing by a decrease in pollutant emissions from bus fleets.14 To date, however, electrically powered vehicles have been available almost exclusively as trolleybuses. However, this form does not represent a sustainable alternative. These buses are tied to the overhead power network and therefore only travel a fixed route. This makes the system inflexible. An expansion would be possible at high costs and only through a deep intervention in the cityscape.15 This can only be avoided with a sustainable solution while maintaining more environmentally friendly local public transport. This sustainable solution is once again the hydrogen fuel cell. Fuel cell electric buses use an efficient system in combination with a hydrogen storage to generate electricity on board. Passengers can already see the performance for themselves. In the so-called 12-meter class and sometimes also in 18-meter-long articulated buses, the hydrogen fuel cell ensures the environmentally friendly drive.16

Overview of our EFOY Hydrogen Solutions

EFOY H₂Cabinets

Individual cabinet solutions for EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cells

EFOY H₂Cabinets serve as a customized overall solution for numerous applications. In particular, they are used as backup power supply systems for emergency power supply. Several EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cell modules can be combined in the cabinet. The EFOY H₂Cabinet is available in two versions - outdoor and indoor.

To the EFOY H₂Cabinets

EFOY H₂Genset

Mobile and emission-free power generator powered by hydrogen

The H₂Genset is a flexible and mobile generator using hydrogen for use in areas without access to the conventional power grid, e.g. on construction sites, at outdoor events, for the temporary power supply of telecommunication masts or as a mobile emergency power supply in the event of catastrophes.

To the EFOY H₂Genset

Simple and proven:

The direct methanol fuel cell

Quiet, powerful and environmentally friendly - clear advantages and a clear success for the hydrogen fuel cell. For lower power requirements (80 W to 500 W) we offer direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC/Direct Methanol Fuel Cell). The direct methanol fuel cell works in a similar way to the hydrogen fuel cell but with methanol as fuel. It´s simple system design and the easy replacement of the fuel are great advantages.

About DMFC Technology

Questions and answers about the hydrogen fuel cell

How does a hydrogen fuel cell work?

EFOY Hydrogen fuel cells are based on PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) technology. They produce electricity from the fuel hydrogen, supplemented by oxygen from the air. Hydrogen is converted directly into electricity. In addition to electricity, only water vapor and waste heat are produced.

What types of fuel cells are there?

The most commonly used types include polymer electrolyte fuel cells (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).

What Are Hydrogen Cells Used For?

Hydrogen fuel cells have numerous applications, including powering homes and businesses and moving vehicles such as fuel cell powered cars, buses and trains. Some examples of fuel cell applications include the following:

  • Power

Fuel cells provide power for a wide range of commercial, industrial and household applications. These include everything from residential spaces to spacecraft and task force operations. Portable fuel cell systems can be used for various applications, from powering small devices to generating lots of power in remote regions. Mobile devices like laptops, for example, benefit from higher energy density and weight reductions over lithium-ion batteries.

Fuel cells are very reliable because they don’t have any moving parts. There is also less than one minute of downtime per six years under ideal conditions, which equates to 99.9999% reliability of fuel cells. (5)

  • Transport

Fuel cells apply to a vast number of modes of transport. Because of the ability to generate immense power in a small device, a fuel cell electric vehicle could drive substantially further than an all-electric car. (6) Additionally, it is the most environmentally friendly fuel.

How safe is hydrogen?

Hydrogen is safely produced, stored, transported and used in large quantities in many industries in compliance with established safety standards and practices. Hydrogen is gaseous, colorless and odorless. Hydrogen is harmless to the environment and non-toxic to humans.

What are the future prospects for Hydrogen Fuel Cells?

Hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a low-carbon future by:

  • Counterbalancing electricity as a zero-carbon energy carrier that is easily stored and transported
  • Improving energy security by reducing reliance on fossil fuels
  • Operating across the transport, heat and electricity sectors. These are responsible for more than two-thirds of global CO2 emissions. (4)

What makes SFC Energy’s Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology special?

EFOY Hydrogen Fuel Cells are based on PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) technology. The hydrogen power generators create energy using hydrogen as a fuel, replenished by oxygen from the atmosphere. This technology solely generates power and water, making it incredibly eco-friendly. Hydrogen can be created environmentally sustainable using renewable energies such as wind or solar, making it carbon-neutral.

References

1 http://www.diebrennstoffzelle.de/zelltypen/geschichte/index.shtml

2 Energieagentur NRW, Brennstoff­zellentypen, energieagentur.nrw/brennstoffzelle/brennstoffzelle-wasserstoff-elektromobilitaet/brennstoffzellentypen#PEMFC

3 Ebenda.

4 https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/klimaschutz/klimaschutzprogramm-2030-1673578

5 https://www.bmu.de/themen/klima-energie/klimaschutz/nationale-klimapolitik/klimaschutzplan-2050/

6 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi): „Die Nationale Wasserstoffstrategie“, Stand: Juni 2020, Berlin.

7 https://h2.live/fahren

8 https://www.euwid-energie.de/wie-wird-wasserstoff-hergestellt/

9 https://www.bmbf.de/de/wissenswertes-zu-gruenem-wasserstoff-11763.html

10 https://edison.media/erklaeren/reversible-brennstoffzellen-stromspeicher-mit-wasserstoff/23835848.html

11 https://www.enbw.com/energie-entdecken/mobilitaet/brennstoffzellenantrieb/

12 https://www.handelsblatt.com/auto/nachrichten/brennstoffzelle-toyotas-wasserstoff-autos-sind-noch-sechs-jahre-vom-massenmarkt-entfernt/25053560.html

13 https://www.t-online.de/finanzen/energie/id_68808560/co2-ausstoss-deutsche-kraftwerke-sind-die-klimakiller-europas.html

14 HA Hessen Agentur GmbH (Hrsg.),Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Energie, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung: „Brennstoff­zellen im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr – Elektrobusse verbessern die Lebensqualität in den Städten“, (Alexandra Huss, Marcel Corneille).

15 Ebenda.

16 Töpler, Johannes; Lehmann, Jochen (Hrsg.): „Wasserstoff und Brennstoff­zelle – Technologien und Marktperspektiven“; Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg 2014, Seite 69 ff.

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